• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for detecting the sound of the surrounding field by means of an echo consisting of: - applying an electrical signal to a sound transducer (1) to emit an acoustic measurement signal (2), - determining the beginning, in particular also the end of a range (III) including a dominant damping range with quantities associated with this transducer (1) and stored in a memory (15), - enter a first electrical signal (r ( t)) of the transducer (1) in the dominant damping range (V), and - to determine the characteristic properties.
    公开号:FR3023622A1
    申请号:FR1556377
    申请日:2015-07-06
    公开日:2016-01-15
    发明作者:Matthias Karl
    申请人:Robert Bosch GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device and method for sound detection of the surrounding field using echoes. STATE OF THE ART In the case of detection by the echo of the surrounding field, electrical signals are used which are transformed in an electro-acoustic transducer into acoustic signals radiated towards the surrounding field. The echoes of the acoustic signals, reflected by the objects of the environment are transformed by a second electro-acoustic transducer into electrical signals and then analyzed for an object in the environment or its distance. Often the same transducer is used to emit the acoustic measurement signals and receive the reflected echoes. After the transmission of the measurement signals, the membrane of the transducer-transmitter is gradually amortized. The echoes of a lower intensity of a multiple arrive in the same time range on the transducer and usually require the timely damping of the transducer signals and allow proper identification of the echo with respect to the damping signals. If the properties of the transducer are known, we can predict the evolution of the damping. For example, a differential method eliminates the component of the damping signal in the transducer signal to detect objects near the transducer. In the context of the following description, the term "properties of the transducer" is the sum of the characteristics that influence the behavior of the transducer. This behavior is influenced not only by the transducer itself but also by its electrical circuit and the analog components surrounding it such as for example the transmitter and the components with acoustic characteristics such as for example a mechanical device (par -choc or other). For the signal processing, various forms of representation of the properties of the transducer which can be combined are known. These include: - the impulse response of the transducer or its response by jumping, - the transfer function of the transducer such as transforming the impulse response (particularly usual transformation processes are in this context the Fourier transformation, the transformation the place or the Walsh transformation), - substitution parameters according to a model describing the behavior of the transducer (for example by coils, capacitors, resistors, and / or as a spring-mass system), parameters of the impulse response or of a quantity which is deduced, such as, for example, the pole-zero point diagram, - a time signal, for example as a result of detection values.
    [0002] If the properties of the transducer are known, it is also possible to control the oscillation after pulse as described in document DE 102012221591. According to another development, the properties of the transducer are used to monitor the transducer. Thus, it is known that too slow or too fast damping could be detected by a time measurement using a threshold detector and could be used to exploit the reliability of the system. It would be further desirable to determine in more detail the properties of the transducer to better judge the reliability of the transducer. For example, it can be recognized whether sludge, ice or snow coatings influence the detection capability of the transducer and / or whether the transducer has for example been damaged by the impact of a pebble. The disadvantage of the present methods is that the operated signals can not unequivocally distinguish the echo signals because the measurements of the damping of the transducer are in the same range of signal intensity as that of the echo. Thus, according to the state of the art, a prolonged damping is measured only in the case in which no object is permanently in front of the transducer. This is for example the case of a displacement at a certain minimum speed. Nevertheless, it is desirable that directly to the functional start-up of the transducer and without loss of time, it is possible to determine the properties of the transducer so as to also guarantee the reliability by the measurements performed in a sufficiently early manner. It would thus be necessary, for example when the vehicle is still, to be able to analyze the state of the sensors to optimize their reception capacity, detect the damage of the sensors or the existence of coating. In addition, it is necessary, within an echo cycle, to eliminate in the incoming signals, the range which is characterized mainly by the properties of the transducer. DE 10 2010 003 624 A1 describes a method of frequency measurements for verifying the properties of the transducer or for judging its ready-to-operate state. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is in particular to improve the analysis of the damping range by examining the properties of the transducer and by recognizing an echo in the transducer signal. DESCRIPTION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for detecting the surrounding field by sound using an echo comprising the following steps of applying an electrical signal to a sound transducer. to produce the emission of an acoustic measurement signal by the sound transducer, to determine the beginning, in particular also the end of a range including a dominant damping range using magnitudes associated with this sound transducer and which are recorded in a data memory, inputting a first electrical signal of the sound transducer in the range, including the dominant damping range, and determining the characteristic properties, including an impulse response and / or a transfer function, transformed correspondingly of the sound transducer from the first electrical signal.
    [0003] The basic idea of the invention is that as soon as a transmitting excitation of a transducer-transmitter is switched off the electrical signal of the transducer can be a combination of the signals (echoes) coming from the environment of the transducer and the damping signal due to the electrical excitation. For a certain time range, the damping intensity in a "dominant damping range" according to the invention is significantly greater than the intensity of the echo arriving in this same time range on the transducer. The dominant damping range is the time range in the transducer signal (electrical signal applied to the electrical terminals of the sound transducer) which takes place between the end of the application of an electrical measurement signal to be emitted and the end of the dominant damping range. We arrive in the latter situation according to the invention if the transducer signal is permanently smaller than the strongest predictable echo in real operating mode. In reality, the strongest predictable echo is typically that of a flat, well-reflective object (eg a wall); the intensity of the strongest predictable real echo depends on the echo travel time and decreases continuously with the increase of its travel time. As the dispersions of the echo intensity according to the sample and the climate (for example the amplitude of the echo, the sound level among others) are significantly smaller than the dynamic damping range, and are generally in the middle of the dominant damping range, the transducer signal is so strongly dominated by the damping signal pattern as is the signal curve at the center of the damping range dominantly, the characteristics for determining the properties of the transducer (see above) can already be determined in a single echo cycle. In this area it is clear that the dominant damping range depends on the parameters of the selected object having good reflection characteristics and that the marginal ranges of the dominant damping range are not likely to be influenced by components. unreliable echoes. These marginal areas are called for this transient ranges in the context of the present invention. The considerations developed above are applied in the method of the invention for sound detection of the surrounding field by echo. For this, in a first step, an electrical signal is applied to a sound transducer to emit an acoustic measurement signal by this sound transducer. To verify the properties of the transducer, the beginning of a dominant damping range in the transducer signal is then determined by extracting from the data memory the recorded quantities associated with the transducer. In other words, at an earlier time (for example as part of the manufacturing process) information is stored in the data memory to identify the dominant damping range in the transducer signal. For example, it is possible to define the dominant damping range as a function of the moment at which the excitation of the transducer is cut off. Alternatively or in addition, it is possible to predefine a transducer signal intensity for the limits of the dominant damping range, for example using the chronogram of the intensity of the transducer signal in the echo cycle, in particular in relation to the intensity of the strongest predictable echo in actual operation. A transducer signal applied in the dominant damping range (first electrical signal of the sound transducer) is then inputted and used to determine the characteristic properties of the sound transducer. The characteristic properties include the transfer function, the impulse response / jump response, a transfer function transform. In addition or alternatively, substitution parameters of a model of the transducer can be determined for their value. As usual model, the technique knows the spring-mass system or oscillating circuits-series without however excluding alternative forms of models. The time signal or its plot, that is to say its envelope, among others, can serve to describe the characteristic properties. The invention allows an early analysis of the transducer properties of the sound transducer, especially already during the echo cycle, in progress. All that is required is the excitation of the sound transducer by an electrical signal, the reading of the data memory and the reaction of the transducer in the dominant damping range to determine the characteristic properties of the sound transducer. In this way, it will be possible to recognize the defects of the transducer early in an "operating cycle" and thus validate the results of the measurement. In addition, the transducer signals can be used up to the end of the dominant damping range, at least for the exploitation of any echo contained in the transducer signal which avoids the erroneous detection of echoes and saves Preferably, a model of the damping signal, i.e. the sound transducer, is used based on the characteristic properties of the sound transducer and the applied electrical signal. other words, using the transducer signal captured during the dominant damping range we conclude that a "pure" damping signal has no echo, and then the model of the component generated by damping in the signal The transducer can be used in the context of echo detection in a real transducer signal, for example, a real transducer signal can be reduced by the model of the transducer damping signal. so that, after the solicitation, only the echo contained in the transducer signal, if any, remains as a result. Under these conditions, an echo received does not necessarily have a higher intensity than that of the damping signal. Correspondingly, the minimum distance detectable in safety decreases vis-a-vis surrounding objects, which increases the detection security of the surrounding field detection system according to the invention. Preferably, based on the characteristic properties of the transducer or using the damping signal or transducer model, information regarding the state of the sound transducer and / or the reliability of the transducer can be provided. a system using this sound transducer. According to the embodiment of the model, it is possible, for example, to record ranges of values for the substitution parameters used in the data memory indicated above and to compare them with the current model to judge the operability of the sound transducer. Alternatively or in addition, the characteristic points or properties of the transfer function can be compared with the recorded values (for example using known methods for examining the curve).
    [0004] To determine the characteristic properties of the transducer, it is possible to use the chronogram of the transducer signal, such as that of its intensity, or else its spectral decomposition, in particular the amplitudes and alternatively or additionally, the phases or alternatively or in addition to the frequencies of the transducer signal captured in the dominant damping range. Alternatively or in addition, it is also possible to determine the intensity represented by the signal envelope, the transducer signal (for example by rectifying and filtering by a low-pass filter) and use them for operation. The use of transducer signals which are early or available early in a measurement cycle (time period between two measurement signals emitted in succession) makes it possible to analyze the transducer or its model formation and to use the results of the measurement. analysis or model in a few measurement cycles, especially in the same measurement cycle. In this way, in the event of detection of the surrounding field, it will be possible to have very up-to-date knowledge of the operational fitness or the operating state of the transducer. This makes it possible to assist the user early with the system developed according to the invention. The transducer model established on the basis of the characteristic properties of the transducer or the damping signal may be a damping signal made electrically or represented in digital technique. According to the development of the system used to apply the invention, a suitable, minimally and technically impeccable representation of the tolerances for the damping signal is thus generated. The use of an electrical signal model makes it possible, for example, to compare the model and the actual signal supplied by the transducer in signal processing technique. For numerical analysis or calculation or exploitation of the transducer signals, it is advantageous to have a model of the damping signal. In particular, in the case where the steps of digital signal processing for echo operation or for environmental detection are taken into account, it may be advantageous to have a corresponding model preparation. To establish the model of the damping behavior, for example in the form of the damping signal, it is also possible to use an electric transducer signal received during the dominant damping range as well as the electrical signal used. to excite the sound transducer. In particular, a convolution of the excitation signal can be used with the impulse response (previously known) of the sound transducer. To predefine certain model parameters, thus setting or identifying the influence of the environment and possible damage of the model. For example, the separate image of temperature dependence and other influences on the transducer function of the model can be formed and also updated separately at a later time. In some cases, this makes unnecessary complicated processing or a new determination of the model. In order to refine the previously determined model, during a second measurement cycle that follows, it is possible to determine an additional parameter or an additional characteristic property of the sound transducer, or to reduce the insecurities of the determined model or to update the model. Depending on this, a second refined model of the damping signal or the sound transducer can be established and the model used to identify the echo contained in the electrical signal can be adapted using the second model. In addition, the model of the transducer properties can be supplemented and / or updated by the use of the echo signals in an echo cycle and in particular on several echo cycles. If, for example, the echo signals are used to predict an object model and its mobile behavior, and if this model is validated sufficiently, we can conclude for the residual part of the signal influenced by depreciation. The validation of the characteristic properties determined in different ways can be done preferably with a quality measurement such as for example the variance.
    [0005] If for the solution, we have different models and / or sets of parameters we can, using a measure of quality, decide on the validity. Thus, the time signal is influenced during the excitation of the transducer by its characteristic properties as described in DE 102012200743 A1. Similarly, for the validation of the transducer properties, determined according to the invention, can take into account the results of other processes such as those of DE 102012221591 according to which the properties of the transducer are detected only in certain operating states. The use of information obtained during subsequent measurement cycles and considerations allows for a more complete (time-consuming) analysis of signals or the use of less powerful circuits in computational techniques and which are also less expensive. . In addition, as described above, the parameters modified during operation can be taken into account in this way and copied. It can thus be assumed that brief variations of the transducer signal are the consequence of an object scene determining the echo signals, since the signal variations are analogous to the predictable echo signals or that more The durability of the signal, especially during the displacement of objects, is, with greater probability, the consequence of changes in the properties of the transducer. According to another development, the subject of the invention is a sound detection device of the surrounding field. This device comprises a sound transducer, a signal generator and an operating unit. The signal generator provides an electrical signal for exciting the sound transducer and outputting an acoustic measurement signal. The operating unit is used for the signal analysis described above and for which, optionally, a data memory can also be provided in the device. Alternatively, the data memory may be external for access by the operating unit. The sound transducer transmits and receives the audible signals relative to the environment of the device. In other words, the sound transducer operates as a transmitter for a first moment and in a second moment it functions as a receiver (to receive the echo of the transmitted signal or the echo caused by another sound transducer. according to the invention above executes a method such as that described in connection with the details of the invention given above The device comprises a data memory which provides a threshold applied to a filter output signal, especially if the output of filter is defined by the signal strength and whether the invariant threshold according to the travel time is designed to be cut in the dominant damping range, by the envelope curve of the transducer signal and that the duration of the point (s) of intersection is a measure of the properties of the transducer, especially for the damping time constant or for the resonance frequency position in case of several intersections in a The device may comprise a threshold dependent on the travel time, provided by a data memory and which is applied to an output signal of the reception filter formed using the properties obtained from the transducer so that exclusively during the presence of the damping signal, at least in certain partial ranges, it is not exceeded but the appearance of an additional echo in the signal produces a crossing of the threshold depending on the travel time characterized by the properties. of the transducer for the output signal of the reception filter.
    [0006] The device with a data memory may have a threshold dependent on the travel time and which is applied to an output signal of the reception filter and shaped by the obtained properties of the transducer so that in the exclusive presence of the damping signals at least in certain partial ranges, it is largely passed upwards, and that, with the help of the chronological behavior (duration / frequency) of short, possible overruns, of this threshold, the characteristic properties of the transducer because, for example, the brief overshoots are caused by the resonant-series frequency of the transducer or the circuit around the transducer or a parallel resonant circuit. The device can analyze the transducer signal as to the time course of signal intensity and the dominant frequency or phase component to draw conclusions about the properties of the transducer.
    [0007] In the following echo cycles, using the properties obtained from the transducer, the device can make a reduction in damping, for example by controlling transducer excitation which is opposite to the end of the transducer. oscillation and / or in that it synthesizes a signal corresponding to the damping and which is subtracted from the original signal. The device can be used for example as a component of a surrounding field sensor, applicable to the automotive field. In this context, the properties of the converter are used if it is exclusively, at least in large part, by the periphery of the sound transducers. This may comprise, for example, the covering of a bumper of the means of transport according to the invention. Drawings The present invention will be described hereinafter by way of examples of methods and devices for detecting the surrounding field by echoes shown in the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram of the components of a embodiment of a system for detecting the surrounding field according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a signal flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a surrounding field detection system according to the invention, FIG. is a principle representation of segments of a time signal of a sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of a surrounding field detection system, FIG. 3b is a practical embodiment of the envelope of a transducer. FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of a simulation of a sound transducer signal according to an exemplary embodiment of a surrounding field detection system according to the invention, FIG. ogram of a simulation of a sound transducer signal according to an exemplary embodiment of a detection system of the surrounding field receiving an echo of the environment and, Figure 6 shows a flow chart explaining the steps of an example of embodiment or a method according to the invention.
    [0008] DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a sound-based surround sound detection system 20 which includes an ultrasonic transducer 1 as a sound transducer integrated into the bumper 5 of a transport means. The ultrasonic transducer 1 transmits a measurement signal 2 to the environment of the system 20. A wall W represents an object which reflects best in the actual operating mode of the system 20 and which, for a given distance d (between the W wall and ultrasonic transducer 1) generates the loudest echo 2 '. A signal generator 3 excites the ultrasonic transducer 1 to output the measurement signal 2. The electrical time signals applied to the ultrasound transducer 1 are received via an operating unit constituted by a microprocessor 4 to be compared with references stored in a data memory 15. In addition, the microprocessor 4 may include templates and their parameters in the data memory 15 for later use.
    [0009] Figure 2 shows a signal flow diagram of a system 20 according to the invention for the detection of the surrounding field. In this system, a signal generator 3 receives a measurement signal according to the representation s (t) in data processing technique. The measurement signal is provided by the output of the signal generator 3 on one side to the ultrasonic transducer 1 and on the other as described hereinafter is provided to different signal processing instances. The output signal r (t) of the ultrasonic transducer 1 arrives at the input of an evaluator 6 which establishes a model for the damped signal and thus for certain operating ranges of the ultrasonic transducer 1. interrupted, the representation s (t) of the measurement signal can be provided, to take into account the determination of the transfer function of the ultrasonic transducer 1 by the evaluator 6. The model M1 established by the evaluator 6 is applied to a synthesis unit 7 which also receives the representation s (t) of the measurement signal. The synthesis unit 7 generates an ideal damped signal rAm (t) with the above input quantities; this ideal signal is applied to a signal operating unit 8. Since the signal processing unit 8 additionally receives also the actual output signal r (t) from the transducer, this signal can also contain if necessary an echo of the measurement signal emitted by the ultrasonic transducer 1, which makes it possible to subtract the ideal transducer signal rAm (t) from the output signal r (t) of the transducer and to apply the difference as an input signal, independently of the damped signal applied to the transducer, to be recognized and if necessary perform other analyzes. Beside the representation described here of the transducer model M1 in the form of the damping time signal, it is also possible to use as an alternative, for example a range of parameters of a transmission function or a transformed quantity or their parameters. or the replacement parameters of a model formed of linear components and non-linear components, equivalent in their application. According to the literature, the most diverse forms of signal exploitation are known. Thus, the form described here of the application of transducer properties is only one of many possibilities. For example, the signal exploitation 8 may be applied to a phase-sensitive or nonsensitive filter output signal and correspondingly the requirements and representation indications of the model M1 synthesized as an example or the signal rAm (t) can change.
    [0010] According to a preferred development, the damped signal is reconstructed as closely as possible to the original as a function of the actual excursions, to reconstruct the signal strength and the correct phase and then be subtracted by the input signal r (t) and obtain as much as possible exclusively the echo signal in the remaining part of the signal. According to a preferred development variant, the output signal of a reception filter, such as, for example, a non-phase sensitive tuned filter for chirp signals, is flanked by thresholds so that only the arrival of signal components reflected echoes going up or down the thresholds allows us to draw conclusions about the echo travel times at the times of going down or up to determine thus the distance from the object. FIG. 3a shows the output signal of a reception filter such as a tuned filter, including the stylized envelope 10 of a transducer signal and the stylized envelope 11 of a maximum actual echo of the environment. The time range I without electrical excitation of the electroacoustic transducer continues with a time range II in which the transducer is excited by an electrical signal to emit a measurement signal. At the beginning of a third time interval III the excitation is modified and in particular it is strongly modified, for example it is cut so that the envelope of the transducer signal 10, in logarithmic form, decreases linearly as a function of time ( or relative to the distance of objects d). The damping range III is broken down into three ranges IV, V, VI among which a first range IV is the transient range which occurs in the excitation side option to move to the second dominant damping range V identified according to the invention and pursuing a transitional beach VI towards the dominant echo beach VII. The dominant damping range V is characterized in that the intensity of the damped signal 10 is certainly higher - for example at least according to the coefficient 2 - that the intensity of the echo received, the strongest predictable (see envelope 11). In a range around the point 9 in which there are identical values for the envelope 10 of the damped signal and the envelope 11 of the echo, the damping range III joins the dominant echo range VII. In the dominant echo range, the lowest expected echo intensity (not shown) is greater than the strongest damped signal, for example, by a difference in coefficient 2. The use according to FIG. invention of the dominant damping range V as well as the optional formation of a model to use the knowledge collected in this range allows an echo identification in principle from before point 9 where the echoes have in all cases an intensity weaker than that of the damped signal. Whereas in FIG. 3a, the damping range III has a continuous decreasing envelope curve, FIG. 3b shows by way of example a variant of the envelope curve 10 of the transducer signal produced by a modification of the properties of the transducer. The brief incursions visible in the envelope-curve of FIG. 3b of the further decreasing continuous envelope curve 10 may for example be the consequence of certain properties of the transducer, such as the position of the resonant-series frequency of the transducer and the resonant-parallel frequency of the circuit around the transducer. By way of example, FIG. 3b shows an operating method with the threshold S. In the dominant damping range III, the threshold S is slightly above the intensity of the echo timing diagram. 11 maximum that occurs in reality. With the last passing of the threshold S by the output signal 10b of the filter at the instant IN, the threshold S is transformed in its function into an echo detection threshold in that from from the moment IN, the threshold S borders the damping chronogram from above. At the arrival of an additive combined echo, the threshold S would be exceeded by the filter output signal 10 and with the aid of the instant of the overrun conclusions could be drawn concerning the travel time of the echo, characteristic of this object distance. Figure 4 shows a real transducer signal 16, raised, measured; the naming of the time (or distance) ranges corresponding to FIG. 3 has been retained. The representation shows a saturation of the transducer signal 16 in the range II and at the beginning of the damping range III which also occurs in FIG. systems known from the state of the art (this is related to the dynamics). In the damping range III, there is thus also an ideal envelope 10 of the transducer signal 16 for explaining it. It is only from an object distance of about 5 centimeters that the saturation range is exceeded so that here the transducer signal 16, corrected by its intensity, marries the idealized envelope 10. An envelope 11 of an environment echo has also been drawn, maximum occurring in reality. This clearly shows that in this case in the range of about 2 cm to about 7 cm, the envelope of the transducer signal 16 of the damping dominates. Despite taking control at the beginning of range III, there is thus a transducer signal 16 in the dominant damping range. In this range, one could thus evaluate an essential property of the transducer, the time (or the equivalent distance) of the envelope of the damping. As a simple development of the use of the evaluated properties of the transducer, the curve of the echo detection threshold 12 could then be deduced. Just above the idealized envelope 10 a possible expression of an evaluation has been plotted. signal 8, an echo detection threshold 12 that the transducer signal 16 must exceed to allow detection of the echo as a function of the intensity of the signal. As FIG. 4 exclusively represents the plot of the transducer signal 16 during the transmission of the measurement signal and its subsequent damping, that is to say in the absence of an echo, the following time range VII contains only the noise components 13 without the echo of the environment in the transducer signal 16. Figure 5 shows the transducer signal 16 of Figure 4 further containing an echo 14 of an object of the environment. The reflective surface of the object of the surrounding produced by its echo, the additional appearance of a stronger intensity of the transducer signal in the range between 10 cm and 20 cm. As the echo chosen as an example, is the most intense real echo, the plot also represented of the maximum intensity of the real echo cuts off with the component generated by the echo in the transducer signal at a distance of about 15 cm. If we follow the pattern of the echo intensity of this strongest reflector for different reflector distances, equivalently, we can draw conclusions about the intensity of the actual echo possible from the other side of the beach III. As already described with reference to FIG. 3, it is possible to deduce an echo detection threshold 12 as a simple embodiment of the signal exploitation 8. With the aid of the echo 12 detection threshold being exceeded by the signal of transducer one can then conclude to the existence of a reflective surface. Significantly at a distance of 10 cm, the echo exceeds the detection threshold 12. At earlier times, the echo signal dives into the damping signal 16. By subtracting the damping signal 16 from FIG. however, the echo according to the invention could be detected for a transducer signal which would already be increasing before the 10 cm mark. This would provide information about the object of the environment at an earlier time and make use of this information. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that, beside this direct use of the transducer model obtained in the dominant damping range, it would also be possible to use other echo signal operations which are of interest from the technical point of view. . By way of example, exploitation may be mentioned using a filter adapted to the signal. In order to determine the echo travel time, an incoherent filtering is generally performed, that is to say which does not take into account the phase. At the output of the filter, a signal is thus equivalently obtained which is an equivalent measurement of the signal strength for the analogy between the respective transducer signal and the signal provided by the filter. It should be noted, however, in this context that there is a mixed form of signal analysis consisting of a consistent exploitation of the properties of the transducer by the model, ie taking into account the phase then that the consecutive exploitation of the Mx transducer model, for example by the detection of the echo travel time, currently requires more than the phase-sensitive incoherent filtering.
    [0011] FIG. 6 shows the steps of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for detection by the sound of the environment by means of an echo. In step 100 an electrical signal is applied to a sound transducer; the transducer thus produces the emission of an acoustic measurement signal. In step 200 the beginning is determined, in particular also the end of a dominant damping range with magnitudes stored in a data memory. In step 300, within the dominant damping range, identified, a first electrical signal is taken on the electrical terminals of the sound transducer. Since the dominant damping range is not very sensitive to external influences, it will be possible, in step 400, to determine the characteristic properties of the sound transducer from the first electrical signal. These characteristics serve, for example, to establish a transfer function or, correspondingly, information characterizing the transducer. In step 500 the model of a damping signal of the transducer is made based on the characteristic properties of the transducer and the applied electrical signal. This allows in step 600, to use the model of the damping signal for the identification of an echo contained in the electrical signal of the transducer. In another subsequent measurement cycle, the additional parameters of the transfer function are determined in step 700; in step 800 a second model of the damping signal of the sound transducer is established based on the additional parameters; in step 900, the two models are adapted to identify a model of the damping signal used in the echo contained in the electrical signal. In this way, it is possible to use an operation of the transducer signal requiring more time or to establish the model with less time. In addition, the variable parameters as a function of time will make it possible to take into account possible defects and other recognitions in the context of the second model. In the context of the present invention, it is possible to generate a decreasing or constant threshold 11 as a function of the progression of the echo travel time and to use it to recognize an echo by checking when the effective transducer signal has passed the last up or down, this threshold 11. For this, from preliminary analyzes, assuming that within the first overshoot or last transducer undershoot, this signal is very largely independent of external influences, such as echo, but it is mainly essentially determined by the properties of the transducer (taking into account the measurement signal producing the excitation). Threshold 11 decreasing or constant as a function of the progression of the echo travel time is already known at the beginning of the echo cycle (for example in the form of a chronogram stored in a data memory). It can be formed from the plot of peak intensities of the echo actually generated by the most reflective object for different object distances d (eg 1.5 times the envelope curve of the maximum echo produced in reality by the respective excitation by the measuring signal). For this, by preliminary analyzes, with for example tests in the dominant echo range VII is determined the plot of the maximum intensity of the echo that occurs in reality. With the aid of the model, such as for example the simple model Ri / (d) = K.d -n, by determining the parameters K and n of the model, it is then possible to follow the plot of the threshold 11 in the range III in a consistent manner. This plot can be measured as an example and recorded in the data memory during manufacture. Alternatively, one can also store in the data memory 15 experiment values, which showed good results regardless of the dispersion of the copies. In the art, it is known that the characteristic properties of a transmission system (for example a transducer including peripherals) can be represented in different equivalent ways, such as, for example, the time of the impulse response or the parameter d. an equation describing the impulse response as well as the transform of the impulse response.
    [0012] To formulate the characteristic properties of an electrical network giving the image of the transmission system, it is possible to use a transformation of the transfer function or a substitution parameter of an image electrical network of the transmission system. In the art it is also known to determine the practical reactions of a transmission system on the input signals, such as, for example, differently applied excitation signals with which the characteristic properties are determined. By way of example only, in this context, there is the convolution of the impulse response word with the evolution over time of an excitation signal or with the time curve of a measurement signal pulse applied. to determine the transducer signal during excitation and subsequent damping. It is also known in the art that an electrical connection is always characterized by two combined quantities, such as the intensity and the voltage. Thus, the response of the system of a transducer with characteristic properties, to which is applied at both terminals, an excitation current for transmitting a measurement signal, for example in a preferred manner, the chronological evolution of the voltage of the electrical terminals.
    [0013] 15 NOMENCLATURE OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS 1 Ultrasonic transducer 2, 2 'Echo 3 Signal generator 4 Microprocessor 5 Bumper 6 Evaluator 7 Synthesis unit 8 Signal operation 9 Operating point 10 Transducer signal envelope 11 Envelope actual maximum echo 12 Echo Detection Threshold 13 Noise Component 15 Data Memory 16 Transducer Signal Surround Sound Based Detection System 100-900 Flowchart Steps 20 M1 Model S Thresholds ( t) Measurement signal / Representation r (t) Transducer output signal r Am (t) Ideal damping signal I, II, III IV, V, VI Time ranges V Prevailing damping range VII Echo range dominant XI Curve envelope IN Instant
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS 1 °) A method of detection by the sound of the surrounding field using an echo, comprising the following steps of: applying (100) an electrical signal to a sound transducer (1) so that it emits a signal measuring acoustic (2), determining (200) the beginning, in particular also the end of a range (III) in particular of a dominant damping range (V) using magnitudes associated with this sound transducer ( 1) and which are recorded in a data memory (15), enter (300) a first electrical signal (r (t)) of the sound transducer (1) in the range (III), in particular in the damping range dominant (V), and determining (400) the characteristic properties, including an impulse response and / or transfer function, correspondingly transformed from the sound transducer (1) from the first electrical signal (r (t)).
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the steps of: establishing (500) a model (M1) of a damping signal of the sound transducer (1) by based on the characteristic properties of the sound transducer (1) and the applied electrical signal and use (600) the damping signal model (M1) to identify an echo contained in the electrical signal (r (t)).
    [0003]
    3) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises the step of: issuing an indication concerning the state of the sound transducer (1) and / or the reliability of the system (20) using this sound transducer (1) using the characteristic properties.
    [0004]
    4) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the determination (500) of the characteristic properties consists in exploiting the amplitude and / or the phase and / or the frequency of the signal (r (t)) of the transducer.
    [0005]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the above steps are carried out in a measuring cycle to detect the surrounding field.
    [0006]
    6) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the use of the model (M1) consists in particular to complete and in particular to update the transducer model determined in previous echo cycles.
    [0007]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the use of the damping signal model (M1) consists in subtracting the model (M1) from the damping signal with respect to the signal (r (t)) of the sound transducer (1).
    [0008]
    8 °) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the establishment (400) of a model (M1) of the damping signal gives a signal in calculation technique or an electrical signal.
    [0009]
    9 °) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the establishment of the model (M1) damping signal uses the signal (s (t)) to excite the sound transducer (1), including a convolution of the one with the impulse response word of the sound transducer (1) .3510 °) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in another measurement cycle it further comprises the following steps: - determining (700) additional parameters of the transfer function of the sound transducer (1), - establishing (800) a second model of the damping signal of the transducer (1) based on the additional parameters, and - adapting (900) the model (M1) damping signal used to identify an echo contained in an electrical signal (r (t)) using the second model. 11 °) Device for sound detection of the surrounding field comprising: - a sound transducer (1), - a signal generator (3), and - an operating unit (4), - in particular also a memory of data (15), wherein - the sound transducer (1) is adapted to emit and receive sound signals (2) from the surrounding field, - the signal generator (3) is adapted to generate measurement signals emitted in the surrounding field by the sound transducer (1), and - the device is designed with the operating unit (4) to perform a method according to one of claims 1 to 10.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014213122.7A|DE102014213122A1|2014-07-07|2014-07-07|Apparatus and method for sound-based environment detection|
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